What type of water treatment system are you interested in?

Whole-house water filtration systems cost $1,500–$5,000 installed. Water softeners run $800–$3,000 installed. Reverse osmosis systems (point-of-use) cost $200–$600. Combined filtration + softener systems cost $2,500–$6,000. Annual maintenance (filters, salt) adds $100–$300/year.

Get a water test first — many hardware stores offer free test kits. Common issues: hard water (causes scale buildup, dry skin), chlorine taste/odor, iron staining, sediment, and contaminants. Well water users and homes with older pipes benefit most. City water varies significantly by municipality.

Water filters remove contaminants (chlorine, sediment, chemicals, heavy metals) to improve taste and safety. Water softeners remove hardness minerals (calcium, magnesium) to prevent scale buildup and improve soap performance. Many homes benefit from both — they solve different problems.

Whole-house carbon filters last 5–10 years (filter media replaced every 3–5 years). Water softeners last 10–20 years. Reverse osmosis membranes need replacement every 2–5 years. UV purifiers need annual bulb replacement. Regular maintenance is the key factor in system longevity.